Macromolecules

Macromolecules are actually made up of even smaller subunits.  Each subunit of a macromolecule is called a monomer. The macromolecules themselves are called polymers, because they are made up of many of these subunits. A monomer is one basic unit or subunit while the polymer is a chain of several basic units.  

Carbohydrate are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The monomer is essential simple sugars and monosaccharides. The polymer is known as complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides. The is structure is two sugar rings bonded together. The structure allows carbohydrates to store short term energy.

Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The protein's monomer is amino acids, where the polymer is a chain of units that are called polypeptides. Proteins have complex 3-D shape. Examples of these, hemoglobin and insulin. It's function is to build and repair muscle and tissues, transport and carrier messages. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions.   

Lipids are made up of carbon and hydrogen. It's monomer is fatty acid that are long hydrocarbon tails. The polymer is lipid, which are examples of triglycerides and phospholipids. The lipid saturated fats obtains a single bonds so that they stack together. Whereas, the unsaturated fats contain at most 1 double bond, so that they do not stack. The structure allows the lipid to store long term energy, make up the cell membrane that provides the structure, and provides insulation. 

Nucleic Acids are basic units, which makes the monomer nucleotide. It's polymer is DNA or RNA. The structor of the nucleic acid allows the it to store and carry genetic information. In the DNA, the strong covalent that is located on the sides and weak hydrogen bones allow it to undo itself without breaking to be copied. Examples, are fruit, vegetables, grains, meats, etc.

Carbohydrates that are simple carbs, it is mostly found in sweet drinks, fruit, candy, etc. While the complex carbs involve pasta, bread, legumes, potatoes, etc.

Protein is found in meat, fish, nuts, eggs, grains, etc. Essential their are six amino acids that our body cannot make, which we get these from food.

Lipids are found in means, fish, oils, eggs, nuts, etc.